Does ASEAN Protect Minority Groups During Pandemic?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19184/jfgs.v2i1.29472Keywords:
minority groups, ASEAN, CSOs, humanrightsAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic discourse in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) context is very state-centric. Many analysts also offered militaristic and economic views. Sadly, the discussion related to minority groups is underexplored. This paper aims to fill the literature gaps by identifying multi-stakeholder efforts in the region in protecting the groups during the pandemic. It matters to examine because ASEAN has political complexities particularly when it comes to the issue. It is important to notify that minority groups refer to refugees, indigenous people, and other vulnerable groups. This research used the library research method by collecting data from journal articles, official reports, news, and public discussions. This paper also consists of three layers of analysis; (1) how the member states in ASEAN region protect the groups during a pandemic; (2) how the civil society organizations (CSOs) promote and advocate their rights; (3) and it also provides policy recommendations for policymakers to aware more on this issue.
Downloads
References
“6 Months Later: How Has COVID-19 Impacted the Life of the First Rohingya
Patient?” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://www.who.int/bangladesh/news/detail/12-11-2020-6-months-later-
how-has-covid-19-impacted-the-life-of-the-first-rohingya-patient.
“AICHR – ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights.” Accessed
January 30, 2022. https://aichr.org/news/aichr-holds-consultation-on-
mainstreaming-human-rights-in-humanitarian-actions/.
AICHR. “AICHR Convenes Meeting with UN on Human Rights, Environment,
Climate Change,” June 15, 2021. https://aichr.org/news/aichr-convenes-
meeting-with-un-on-human-rights-environment-climate-change/.
ASEAN, ed. The Asean Charter. Jakarta: Association of Southeast Asian Nations,
2008.
ASEAN. “ASEAN Human Rights Declaration,” November 19, 2012.
https://asean.org/asean-human-rights-declaration/.
Human Rights Watch. “ASEAN: Overhaul Regional Response to Rohingya Crisis,”
June 26, 2020. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/26/asean-overhaul-
regional-response-rohingya-crisis.
“Chairman-Statement-of-the-36th-ASEAN-Summit-FINAL.Pdf.” Accessed January
30, 2022. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Chairman-
Statement-of-the-36th-ASEAN-Summit-FINAL.pdf.
“Contact Tracing Apps: Extra Risks for Women and Marginalized Groups – Health
and Human Rights Journal.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://www.hhrjournal.org/2020/04/contact-tracing-apps-extra-risks-for-
women-and-marginalized-groups/.
“COVID-19 and Indigenous Peoples | United Nations For Indigenous Peoples.”
Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/covid-19.html.
“COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: Regional Pandemic Preparedness Matters.”
Accessed January 30, 2022. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-
chaos/2021/01/14/covid-19-in-southeast-asia-regional-pandemic-
preparedness-matters/.
Fanelli, Antonio. “How ASEAN Can Improve Its Response to the Economic Crisis
Generated by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Inputs Drawn from a Comparative
Analysis of the ASEAN and EU Responses,” n.d., 38.
“Further Reciprocal Rice for Fish: An Act of Indigenous Peoples against Covid-19
Recurrence - Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://aippnet.org/further-reciprocal-rice-fish-act-indigenous-peoples-
against-covid-19-recurrence/.
“How Regional Organizations Respond to Human Rights: ASEAN’s Ritualism in
Comparative Perspective: Journal of Human Rights: Vol 20, No 2.”
Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14754835.2020.1841607.
FORUM-ASIA. “HRC45 Oral Statement on Item 2: Enhanced Interactive
Dialogue on the High Commissioner’s Report on the Situation of Human
Rights of Rohingya and Other Ethnic Minorities in Myanmar,” September
23, 2020. https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=32930.
“IN NUMBERS: COVID-19 Cases in Southeast Asia - Reporting ASEAN - Voices
and Views from within Southeast Asia.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://www.reportingasean.net/covid-19-cases-southeast-asia/.
“Indigenous Youth Leaders: COVID-19 Small Grants Projects Announced - Asia
Indigenous Peoples Pact.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://aippnet.org/indigenous-youth-leaders-covid-19-small-grants-projects-
announced/.
Rest of World. “Indonesia Said a Broken Cable Caused an Internet Blackout in
West Papua. Locals Aren’t Buying It.,” May 20, 2021.
https://restofworld.org/2021/west-papua-deliberate-internet-blackout/.
“Is There a Place for Minorities’ and Indigenous Peoples’ Rights within ASEAN?
Asian Values, ASEAN Values, and the Protection of Southeast Asian
Minorities and Indigenous Peoples — Tilburg University Research Portal.”
Accessed January 30, 2022. https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/is-there-a-place-for-
minorities-and-indigenous-peoples-rights-wit.
Jati, Abisatya Kurnia, Afifah Amalia Farizka, Hanani Nasywa, and Willies Meliana.
“ASEAN’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Political and
Security Sector.” Journal of ASEAN Dynamics and Beyond 1, no. 1 (December
19, 2020): 61–70.
“Kemensos Hadir, Terus Salurkan Bantuan Untuk Kelompok Rentan Terdamp |
Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://kemensos.go.id/kemensos-hadir-terus-salurkan-bantuan-untuk-
kelompok-rentan-terdampak-covid-19.
“KKP | Kementerian Kelautan Dan Perikanan.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://kkp.go.id/djprl/p4k/artikel/23920-dit-p4k-serahkan-bantuan-
pemerintah-kepada-masyarakat-hukum-adat-di-kabupaten-fakfa.
“Masyarakat Adat Badui Terima Sembako Dari Pemerintah.” Accessed January 30,
2022. https://tirto.id/masyarakat-adat-badui-terima-sembako-dari-
pemerintah-fM2V.
“Minority and Indigenous Trends 2021 - Human Rights and COVID-19:
Repression and Resistance in the Midst of a Pandemic - Minority Rights
Group.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://minorityrights.org/trends2021/chapter-3/.
“MSF Outlines Stepped-up Assistance to Vulnerable Groups Affected by COVID-
19 Outbreak - CNA.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/covid-19-coronavirus-
vulnerable-groups-msf-762276.
Mursitama, Tirta Nugraha, Moch Faisal Karim, and Lili Yulyadi Arnakim. “ASEAN
and Its Relevance amidst Pandemic.” JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 9, no. 1
(August 12, 2021). https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v9i1.7648.
Nations, United. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” United Nations.
United Nations. Accessed January 30, 2022. https://www.un.org/en/about-
us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.
Nurhidayatuloh, Nurhidayatuloh, and Febrian Febrian. “ASEAN and European
Human Rights Mechanisms, What Should Be Improved?” PADJADJARAN
JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW) 6, no. 1 (May 12, 2019):
151–67.
Post, The Jakarta. “Vietnam Cracks down on Minorities amid Pandemic.” The
Jakarta Post. Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/09/04/vietnam-cracks-
down-on-minorities-amid-pandemic.html.
“Quarantined.Pdf.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/quarantined.pdf.
“Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia | ASEAN Boosts Synergy to Fight
COVID-19.” Accessed January 30, 2022. https://setkab.go.id/en/asean-
boosts-synergy-to-fight-covid-19/.
ReliefWeb. “Terrorism in the Philippines in 2020 - Philippines.” Accessed January
30, 2022. https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/terrorism-philippines-
2020.
The Habibie Center. Talking ASEAN on “Protecting Fundamental Human Rights in
ASEAN amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic,” 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhQfMsinrks.
“UK, UNDP Push for Women’s Involvement in Bangsamoro | Philippine News
Agency.” Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1150426.
“UNICEF Myanmar Humanitarian Situation Report No. 3-March 2020.Pdf.”
Accessed January 30, 2022.
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20Myan
mar%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%203-
March%202020.pdf.
“Urgensi Vaksinasi COVID-19 Ke Masyarakat Adat Terkendala KTP | SOSBUD:
Laporan Seputar Seni, Gaya Hidup Dan Sosial | DW | 23.07.2021.”
Accessed January 30, 2022. https://www.dw.com/id/masyarakat-adat-di-
indonesia-tidak-tersentuh-vaksin-covid/a-58602509.
“While the World Focuses on COVID-19, Indigenous Peoples in Myanmar Are
Being Killed - IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.”
Accessed January 30, 2022. https://www.iwgia.org/en/news/3568-while-
the-world-focuses-on-covid-19,-indigenous-peoples-in-myanmar-are-being-
killed.html.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Yusnan Hadi Mochtar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
